The Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal

Spring Students` Scientific Session 2026

2026-06-10T13:13:32+03:00

Spring Students` Scientific Session 2026

27.04-01.05, 2026

TISSUE REACTIONS IN THE NORM, EXPERIMENT AND CLINIC - 2026

2026-06-10T13:13:34+03:00

«TISSUE REACTIONS IN THE NORM, EXPERIMENT AND CLINIC - 2026»

All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference with international participation

"Tissue reactions in the norm, experiment and clinic - 2026",

dedicated to the memory of professor Yu.Chaikovsky Kyiv, May 14-15, 2026

Morphological changes in the parenchymal organs of rats under conditions of the combined effect of metallotoxicosis against the background of immobilization stress and the corrective role of melatonin

2026-06-10T13:13:35+03:00

to establish the features of morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats under conditions of combined action of aluminum and lead salts, immobilization stress, and to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin on these processes. Experimental studies were carried out on 5 groups of mature white male rats, where 14-day intoxication with aluminum and lead compounds, 1-hour immobilization stress, and pineal gland hypofunction under 24-hour lighting conditions were modeled; the analysis was performed using light and electron microscopy. It was found that the combined effect of toxic factors and stress causes deep destruction of the vascular bed, endothelium desquamation, disorganization of organ parenchyma in the form of granular, hydropic, and fatty degeneration, as well as focal necrosis of hepatocytes; at the ultrastructural level in the kidneys, local thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and degradation of mitochondria in endotheliocytes were recorded. Hypofunction of the pineal gland significantly aggravates the pathomorphological picture, while the use of exogenous melatonin demonstrated a pronounced cytoprotective and reparative effect, which is confirmed by a decrease in the intensity of dystrophic changes and activation of proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells.

Cerebrum ut Supermachina: How Neuromorphology Tempers Technomania

2026-06-10T13:13:37+03:00

an important modern challenge of scientific and technological progress is the formation in the public consciousness of the belief in a certain imperfection of biological beings in comparison with products of the technological sphere, in particular, with samples of computing hardware combined with algorithmic models of intelligence. In students of biomedical specialties, such biases can contribute to the utilitarianization of the human phenomenon with corresponding consequences for conscientiousness in working with patients. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate at the modern empirical level the exceptional complexity of the structure of the human brain and the scale of the engineering and technological gap between it and the avant-garde of man-made computing hardware. Using the method of searching and summarizing scientific information, we selected data on the main digital characteristics of the human brain and the two largest human neurons — Betz cells and spinal α-motoneurons. As a result, we present data on the number of neurons, gliocytes and endothelial cells in the human brain, the number, total length and surface area of its capillaries, the length of all its nerve fibers, the total number of its synapses, the dynamics of the formation of neurons and synapses during its intrauterine development, as well as data on the possible information capacity and computational speed of the human brain. We compare these and other parameters of the human brain with the parameters of the current record holder in the field of supercomputers, demonstrating a dramatic gap between them in favor of the human brain. We also present the main morphometric characteristics of the two largest cells in the human body — Betz cells and spinal α-motoneurons, demonstrating the unique ability of living things to have a stable cellular organization even on a macroscopic scale. As a conclusion, the human brain remains fundamentally unachievable to abiotic modeling even from the point of view of current — far incomplete and limited — ideas about its intimate structure and functions.

Sarcopenia: Relevance, Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Histological Characteristics, and Modern Treatment Approaches

2026-06-10T13:13:38+03:00

The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis of modern concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis and pathomorphological mechanisms of sarcopenia development. The goal was to update the understanding of the systemic and generalized nature of this condition as a multisystem disorder affecting skeletal muscles and integrated body systems. An information search was performed across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The study analyzed sources published between 2016 and 2026, focusing on the pathomorphological mechanisms, classification, and methods of correction for sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is identified as a multifactorial state characterized by a transition from healthy muscle architecture to qualitative degradation. Key findings include: Sarcopenia is divided into primary (age-related) and secondary (associated with chronic diseases, such as heart failure or HIV, and lifestyle factors). The condition involves selective atrophy of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers, while Type I fibers remain relatively intact. Pathogenesis includes myosteatosis (fatty infiltration) driven by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), myofibrosis (excessive collagen synthesis), and the fragmentation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). A critical decline in the number and proliferative potential of satellite cells (MuSCs) prevents effective muscle repair. Systemic inflammation ("inflammaging"), oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances (deficit of IGF-1 and anabolic hormones) drive the catabolic shift. Sarcopenia is a complex, systemic disease that extends far beyond simple age-related muscle loss. It represents a profound structural and functional degradation characterized by fiber atrophy, fatty and fibrous replacement, and impaired neuromuscular transmission. Effective clinical management requires a multisystemic approach that targets molecular and cellular mechanisms alongside lifestyle and nutritional interventions.

The life and academic career of the prominent Ukrainian histologist Fedir Ivanovych Lominsky: to the 170th anniversary of his birth

2026-06-10T13:13:40+03:00

rethinking the national scientific heritage underscores the growing relevance of exploring the legacy of prominent Ukrainian morphologists of the past. Overcoming the fragmented nature of knowledge regarding their scientific and pedagogical activities is an important task for the history of medicine. Creating a personalized history of science facilitates a better mastery of fundamental knowledge by medical students. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the life and scientific-pedagogical legacy of Professor Fedir Lominsky, dedicated to the 170th anniversary of his birth and the 120th anniversary of his leadership at the Department of Histology and Embryology. The study utilized historical-genetic, bibliographic, archival-heuristic, and biographical research methods, incorporating the analysis of primary sources. The article highlights the life, as well as the organizational and teaching activities, of the prominent Ukrainian histologist—one of the founders of the histological scientific school in Ukraine, and Head of the Department of Histology and Embryology at St. Vladimir University and the Kyiv Medical Institute (currently the Bogomolets National Medical University). The scientific and pedagogical heritage of this outstanding Ukrainian scientist-histologist, Professor Fedir Lominsky, remains an exemplary model of service to medical science. It fosters the formation of a professional elite and patriotism among student youth, demonstrating the high standards of the domestic histological school on the global stage. His works dedicated to studying the division capacity of nervous tissue cells, their response to damage, and the processes of reparative regeneration, as well as the structural and functional features of the pancreas, became foundational. The pedagogical principles he instituted now facilitate the integration of classical histology with cutting-edge discoveries in molecular biology and personalized medicine. Studying the life path of Professor Fedir Lominsky allows for a deeper understanding of the socio-political and cultural context of his scientific and teaching activities, as well as tracking how the methodological approaches of the past have transformed into modern standards of histological diagnosis and the teaching of the discipline "Histology, Cytology, Embryology".