Historical description: Claudius Galen – doctor, anatomist, philosopher

Abstract

the historical development of science is impossible without taking into account the connections with all the previous experience of mankind. All medical sciences, including anatomy, have their own history, that is, the entire path of development and improvement. We used problem-oriented analysis of historical information sources, archival materials. A description of the famous bibliographic data of the outstanding doctor, anatomist, philosopher Claudius Galen is presented. The main periods of his life are described. Early Pergamon is the path of the young Galen from the philosophical school of Aristotle to the beginning of a thorough study of medicine, studying with Greek physicians, writing his first philosophical treatise "On Medical Experience." Then a long-term study journey, where he learns anatomy, gets acquainted with natural science, pharmacy. The middle Pergamon period is the doctor of the gladiator school, where he acquires experience in the treatment of fractures and serious injuries with the most positive results, continues to study anatomy, conducts his first physiological studies. The Roman period – the doctor of the most hopeless patients, conducts autopsies and studies, already has many students and followers, lectures on anatomy, demonstrates vivisection. Years of the Plague of Galen epidemic – a description of his observations and symptoms of the disease and methods of its treatment in the treatise "Medical Art"; home doctor of emperors. Writing famous treatises "On the appointment of parts of the human body" ("De usu partium corporis humani"), "On anatomy" ("De anatomia"). Late Pergamon period - work on numerous works on anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, therapy, hygiene, dietetics. Galen's research activities are highlighted; his role as a practitioner of his time, as well as a scientist and philosopher, is determined; the main directions of medicine and philosophy, which Galen outlined in his numerous treatises, are given. The achievements in medical science, philosophy and false reasoning of Galen are described. For young scientists and doctors, an example of a personality is given that can inspire and stimulate one's own achievements, contrary to the difficult circumstances that exist at any time of our life and always the difficult way of knowing oneself and nature.