Authorship and Contributions

Authorship reflects a substantial intellectual contribution by each individual involved in the research and manuscript preparation.
Each author must have an official institutional affiliation (place of employment or study) and a unique ORCID identifier.

Only individuals who meet all four authorship criteria defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) should be listed as authors:

  1. Made a significant contribution to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;
  2. Participated in the drafting or substantial revision of the manuscript;
  3. Provided a critical review of the article with important intellectual input;
  4. Approved the final version of the manuscript before submission and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

All authors share joint responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published content.
Individuals who provided only technical, linguistic, or administrative assistance should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section, with their written consent.

Description of Roles According to the CRediT Taxonomy

Each author must specify their individual contribution in the “Author Contributions” section according to the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) system.
Below is a list of the main roles with concise descriptions:

  • Conceptualization — development of the concept and overall design of the study.
  • Methodology — creation or adaptation of methods, approaches, or protocols.
  • Software — software development, programming, implementation of code, or technical system support.
  • Validation — verification of the accuracy and reproducibility of results, experiments, or analyses.
  • Formal Analysis — statistical or mathematical data processing and analysis.
  • Investigation — conducting experiments, data collection, or fieldwork.
  • Resources — provision of materials, samples, equipment, or access to data.
  • Data Curation — management, processing, standardization, and preparation of datasets.
  • Writing – Original Draft — preparation of the initial version of the manuscript.
  • Writing – Review & Editing — revision, refinement, and approval of the article content.
  • Visualization — creation of illustrations, charts, tables, or graphical materials.
  • Supervision — scientific guidance, consultation, and oversight of the research process.
  • Project Administration — coordination and organization of research stages.
  • Funding Acquisition — obtaining financial or grant support for the study.

Example of the “Author Contributions” Section

Author Contributions (CRediT taxonomy)

1. Conceptualization: Author First (ORCID: 0000-0000-0000-0000);
2. Methodology: Author Second (ORCID: 0000-0000-0000-0000), Author First;
3. Software: Author Third (ORCID: 0000-0000-0000-0000);
4. Validation: Author Second, Author Fourth (ORCID: 0000-0000-0000-0000);
5. Formal Analysis: Author First, Author Second;
6. Investigation: Author Fourth, Author Third;
7. Resources: Author Second;
8. Data Curation: Author First;
9. Writing – Original Draft Preparation: Author First;
10. Writing – Review & Editing: Author Second, Author Fourth;
11. Visualization: Author Third;
12. Supervision: Author Fourth;
13. Project Administration: Author First;
14. Funding Acquisition: Author Fourth.

All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Notes for Authors

  • All authors must agree with the content and the order of appearance in the authorship list.
  • Any changes in authorship (addition, removal, or rearrangement) after manuscript submission are permitted only upon a justified written request from the corresponding author, with written consent from all co-authors.
  • The corresponding author is responsible for all communication with the editorial office and for confirming the accuracy and integrity of each author’s stated contribution.